From 1750-1900, demographic changes and improvements in transportation (initiated by industrialization), created new patterns of global migration. Voluntary migration in search of work, as well as coerced/semi-coerced labor changed gender roles, created ethnic enclaves through chain migration, and exacerbated racial & ethnic prejudice. While consequences of global migration during this period were reflected in anti-immigration policies, it also became possible for global powers to industrialize more rapidly.