Topic 5.4

📍Topic 5.4 Industrialization Spreads

📖 AMSCO p.304 - p.306

Main Idea

Key Timeline

Image Courtesy of Siya

Things to Know

Spread of Industrialization

• Industrialized countries like Britain possess water transportation, capital, and natural resources.
• France and Germany:
  • Industrialization was delayed in France because they had low populated urban centers. Additionally dealing with the French Revolution and consecutive wars that followed, they were busy with that.
  • Industrialization was also delayed in Germany because it was fragmented into numerous smaller states. Soon after they unified, Germany became a dominant producer of steel and coal.
• United States
  • The United States’ Industrial Revolution began in the 19th century and was a leading force by the 1900s. 🏭
  • Immigrants came to the U.S. to get away from political conflict and poverty in their home country, which provided a lot of human capital in factories.
• Russia:
  • Russia began to industrialize and focused primarily on railroads, leading to the creation of the long Trans-Siberian Railroad that connected Russia to East Asia.
  • As railroads were being built, steel and coal industries were starting to develop, but Russia’s economy continued to stay agricultural until 1917.
• Japan:
  • Even though Japan had the least contact with Europe, Japan was the first to industrialize in East Asia.
  • Japan adopted Western modern defensive technologies and strategies to protect their domestic tradition and culture.
  • They emerged as a world power in the late 1800s.

Shifts in Manufacturing

• Middle Eastern and Asian countries still produced manufactured goods, but their power in global trade declined.
• Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia 🚢:
  • Shipbuilding resurged in India during the 17th century but suffered due to the British’s mismanagement of resources
  • The British East India Company chose certain ships as part of the Indian Navy, which later demobilized and turned into the Royal Navy.
• Iron Works in India ⛏:
  • During the period of British company rule, the British closed down Indian mines because they thought the mines were used to get lead for ammunition due to the Rebellion of 1857.
  • Fear of another uprising led to the Arms Act of 1878.
  • These regulations led to the mining industry almost going extinct in 19th century India.
  • Due to a lack of technological access and innovation during British rule, mining only resurged in India during the early 20th century.
• Textile Production in India and Egypt 👕:
  • India and Egypt were the first to engage in textile production, but the British made it unprofitable for them.
  • Bombay textile mills were making more than Lanchester textile mills, so they pushed for the British into setting a 5% equalizing tax on Indian textiles which led to no more profit.
  • Europe’s extreme growth in textile production led to the decline of Egypt’s textile exports to Europe after the 18th century.

Terms to Remember